Gynecomastia is a condition where amount of male breast tissue is higher than normal. It is caused by excess estrogen activity and often occurs bilaterally.
Gynecomastia can be observed physiologically without any pathological cause during neonatal period, the period of transition to adulthood, and in old age. It is often temporary during the age of infancy and the period of transition to adulthood. Hormone disorders, cirrhosis, malnutrition, thyroid diseases, certain tumors, use of some drugs may also cause pathological gynecomastia. This condition may improve by discontinuation of these drugs.
It is attempted to correct any underlying cause, if any. In general, there is no known cause. Some drugs and low doses of radiation in some special cases are known to be effective.
Permanent, actual treatment of gynecomastia is surgery. In surgical treatment, liposuction and surgical resection can be utilized severally or jointly usually under general anesthesia.
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